The government has released its performance report for the state budget (APBN Kita) for November 2025. This report presents the leading macroeconomic indicators, including inflation, economic growth, commodity price movements, and state revenue performance.
State Revenue Achievements up to Q3 2025
According to the report, by the end of the third quarter of 2025, the government had successfully collected state revenue totaling IDR 2,113.3 trillion, representing 73.7% of the target. Of this amount, tax revenue reached IDR 1,459.0 trillion, or 70.2% of the target. Customs and excise revenue stood at 80.3%, while non-tax state revenue achieved 84.3%.
The table below summarizes the state revenue details:
| No. | State Revenue | Target (IDR Trillion) | Realization up to Q3 2025 | % Achievement |
| 1 | Tax Revenue | 2,387.3 | 1,708.3 | 71.6% |
| Tax Revenue | 2,3787.3 | 1,459.0 | 70.2% | |
| Customs and Excise | 310.4 | 249.3 | 80.3% | |
| 2 | Non-Tax State Revenue | 477.2 | 402.4 | 84.3% |
| 3 | State Revenue | 2,865.5 | 2,113.3 | 73.7% |
Gross Tax Revenue Performance
Compared with the same period in 2024, gross tax revenue has grown. In the third quarter of 2024, the government collected a total gross tax revenue of IDR 1,767.12 trillion, while in the third quarter of 2025, this figure rose to IDR 1,799.5 trillion.
The gross revenue of IDR 1,799.5 trillion is broken down by tax type as follows:
| No. | Types of Taxes | Gross Realization (IDR Trillion) | Growth/Decline Compared to 2024 |
| 1 | Corporate Income Tax | 331.39 | 5.3% |
| 2 | Article 21 Income Tax | 192.19 | - 12.6% |
| 3 | Article 22 Income Tax, Article 26 Income Tax, and Final Income Tax | 280.25 | 0.3% |
| 4 | VAT & Luxury Goods Sales Tax | 796.12 | - 2.1% |
| 5 | Other Taxes | 199.60 | 42.8% |
| 6 | Total | 1,799.55 | |
From this data, we see that corporate income tax, Article 22 income tax, and other taxes experienced growth. However, there was a notable decline in Article 21 income tax by 12.6% and a decrease in VAT by 2.1%. Therefore, the government's assertion that the shortfall in tax revenue was due to the cancellation of the 12% VAT policy is not accurate.
Performance of Net Tax Revenue and Surge in Tax Refunds
In contrast to the growth in gross revenue, net tax revenue has contracted. According to the Ministry of Finance's report, net tax revenue for Q3 2025 decreased by 3.86%.
Net revenue in Q3 2024 was IDR 1,517.54 trillion, while in 2025, it dropped to IDR 1,459.03 trillion. The details of net tax revenue are as follows:
| No. | Types of Taxes | Net Realization (IDR Trillion) | Growth/Decline Compared to 2024 |
| 1 | Corporate Income Tax | 237.56 | - 9.6% |
| 2 | Article 21 Income Tax | 191.66 | - 12.8% |
| 3 | Article 22 Income Tax, Article 26 Income Tax, and Final Income Tax | 275.57 | - 0.1% |
| 4 | VAT & Luxury Goods Sales Tax | 556.61 | - 10.3% |
| 5 | Other Taxes | 197.61 | 42.3% |
| 6 | Total | 1,459.03 | - 3.86% |
The significant difference between gross and net revenue in the third quarter of 2025 suggests substantial tax refunds during that period. The Director of Counselling, Services, and Public Relations at the DGT noted that volatility in commodity prices was one reason for the surge in tax refunds in 2025.
The increase in commodity prices in 2024, followed by a decline in 2025, led to tax credits exceeding the tax liabilities for many taxpayers, resulting in tax refunds.
To clarify this tax issue, here are some frequently asked questions about tax revenue in Q3 2025:
What are gross and net tax revenue?
Gross tax revenue is the total revenue before deducting any tax refunds, while net revenue is the final amount after accounting for tax refunds returned to taxpayers.
What factor most influences fluctuations in tax revenue in 2025?
The primary factor is commodity price volatility, which affects advance tax payments and leads to significant tax refunds in 2025.
Why did Article 21 experience a sharp decline?
Shifts in employment, slower business activity, and adjustments in compensation structures across sectors typically cause Article 21 income tax to fall.
